What are the technical definitions of KD, TM and FM?

KD or Knockdown refers to the state of intoxication and partial paralysis, which usually occurs before death in insects caused by exposure to insecticides such as pyrethroids and DDT. The degree of knockdown and recovery in mosquitoes depends on the dose of insecticide but in real life conditions (in the field) knocked-down mosquitoes do not survive because they are eaten by ants or desiccate before they can regain consciousness.

Total Mortality (TM) refers to dead mosquitoes (i.e. mosquitoes that look dead and do not move any more).

Functional Mortality (FM) refers to mosquitoes that are disabled and would not survive in the wild; usually this includes mosquitoes that have lost at least three legs or one wing.

Search Vestergaard Frandsen

Translate Page

Subscribe to News Updates

Stay informed. Subscribe to our timely, low-volume email news list.

The Science Behind Malaria Prevention

"Before we used to get sick all the time": perceptions of malaria and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) in a rural Kenyan community

Read more

WE SUPPORT