PermaNet® 3.0 - Insecticide Resistance

Definition

'The selection of a heritable characteristic in an insect population that results in the repeated failure
of an insecticide product to provide the intended level of control when used as recommended.'
- Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC)

The various types

Resistance in mosquitoes can be due to one or a combination of the following mechanisms:

  • ŸMetabolic resistance (e.g. P450's/ esterases)
  • ŸAltered target-site resistance (e.g. kdr)
  • ŸBehavioral resistance
  • ŸReduced penetration

Resistance development

  • ŸNatural selection allows pre-adapted insects with resistance genes to survive and pass on the
  • resistance trait to offspring. Ÿ
  • As more product is applied, the resistant population keeps increasing while the susceptible individuals are eliminated by the insecticide. Ÿ
  • The product is eventually no longer effective. Ÿ
  • Speed of resistance development depends on many factors such as reproduction time, frequency of application of the insecticide and the proportion of susceptible insects.


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